% This file was created with JabRef 2.9.2.
% Encoding: UTF-8

@INPROCEEDINGS{Barke2012,
  author = {Martin Barke and Michael Kargel and Weiyun Lu and Felix Salfelder
	and Lars Hedrich and Markus Olbrich and Martin Radetzki and Ulf Schlichtmann},
  title = {Robustness validation of integrated circuits and systems},
  booktitle = {2012 4\textsuperscript{th} Asia Symposium on Quality Electronic Design
	(ASQED)},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {145--154},
  abstract = {Robust system design is becoming increasingly important, because of
	the ongoing miniaturization of integrated circuits, the increasing
	effects of aging mechanisms, and the effects of parasitic elements,
	both intrinsic and external. For safety reasons, particular emphasis
	is placed on robust system design in the automotive and aerospace
	sectors. Until now, the term robustness has been applied very intuitively
	and there has been no proper way to actually measure robustness.
	However, the complexity of contemporary systems makes it difficult
	to fulfill tight specifications. For this reason, robustness must
	be integrated into a partially automated design flow. In this paper,
	a new approach to robustness modeling is presented, in addition to
	new ways to quantify or assess the robustness of a design. To demonstrate
	the flexibility of the proposed approach, it is adapted and applied
	to several different scenarios. These include the robustness evaluation
	of digital circuits under aging effects, such as NBTI; the robustness
	modeling of analog and mixed signal circuits using affine arithmetic;
	and the robustness study of software algorithms on a high system
	level.},
  doi = {10.1109/ACQED.2012.6320491},
  keywords = {ageing;integrated circuit design;integrated circuit measurement;NBTI;aerospace
	sector;affine arithmetic;aging effect;analog circuit;automotive sector;contemporary
	complexity system;digital circuit;integrated circuit design;mixed
	signal circuit;parasitic element effect;partially automated design
	flow;robust system design;Human computer interaction;Robustness;Testing;NBTI;Robustness;affine
	arithmetic;aging;analog;digital;softerrors;system}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Freisfeld09,
  author = {Marc Freisfeld},
  title = {Semi-symbolische Modellierung und Simulation von Unsicherheiten in
	analogen Schaltungen mit Hilfe st\"{u}ckweise affiner Abbildungen},
  school = {Institut f\"{u}r Mikroelektronische Systeme},
  year = {2009},
  doi = {urn:nbn:de:gbv:089-6058936598},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{FreisfeldOlbGriBar07,
  author = {M. Freisfeld and M.Olbrich and C. Grimm and E. Barke},
  title = {Verwendung von Gebietsarithmetiken zum Entwurf robuster Schaltungen
	und Systeme},
  booktitle = {1.GMM/GI/GI-Fachtagung Zuverlaessigkeit und Entwurf},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {131--136},
  publisher = {VDE Verlag, Berlin},
  note = {27 VG-Wort pages},
  abstract = {Aufgrund der fortschreitenden Miniaturisierung in der Chipherstellung
	wird es immer wichtiger, den Einfluss von Prozessschwankungen auf
	das Verhalten von Schaltungen schon beim Entwurf zu berücksichtigen.
	Hierzu wird die Genauigkeit der Modelle erhöht und eine Vielzahl
	von Simulationsläufen (Monte-Carlo, Corner-Case) durchgeführt, um
	verlässliche Aussagen zu erhalten. Leider führt diese Entwicklung
	in der Konsequenz zu sehr langen Simulationslaufzeiten. Die kürzlich
	erzielten Erfolge bei der Schaltungssimulation unter Verwendung von
	Gebietsarithmetiken eröffnen aber vielversprechende Alternativen.
	Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz vor, bei dem Gebietsarithmetiken
	zur Modellierung von Prozesschwankungen, aber auch zum formal sicheren
	Einschluss von Abstraktionen bei der Modellierung verwendet werden.
	Hiermit wird ein Weg aufgezeigt, wie sich Modelle entwickeln lassen,
	die so genau wie nötig, aber immer verlässlich im Sinne des (formal)
	sicheren Einschlusses aller möglichen Einflüsse von Prozessvariationen
	und nicht-modellierter Eigenschaften der Schaltung sind.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{FreisfeldOlbBar08,
  author = {M. Freisfeld and M. Olbrich and E. Barke},
  title = {Circuit Simulations with Uncertainties using Affine Arithmetic and
	Piecewise Affine Statemodels},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit
	Technology},
  year = {2008},
  publisher = {IEEE Press},
  abstract = {Especially in the field of safety critical applications the impact
	of process variations on the behavior of integrated circuits can
	not be neglected. Usually, simulation is costly due to the need for
	multiple simulation runs with different technology parameter settings.
	In the past, semi-symbolic-simulation applying affine arithmetic
	(AA) [1], as a suitable range arithmetic, has produced very motivating
	results on netlistlevel. Using AA reduces the complexity without
	loosing generality of the simulation results. This paper covers the
	formulation of effective highlevel circuit models. We use piecewise
	affine functions to model the circuit and to provide fast simulations
	while simultaneously achieving good convergence. The equations are
	separated into matrices for linear mapping and matrices for the representation
	of the system's state. We formulate the uncertainties within the
	system with affine terms entered in the system matrices. Furthermore,
	we present the relevant solution algorithms for the semi symbolic
	simulation and their implementation.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{FreisfeldOlbPfoBar08,
  author = {M. Freisfeld and M. Olbrich and M. Pfost and E. Barke},
  title = {Verl\"{a}ssliche Modellierung integrierter analoger Schaltungen durch
	st\"{u}ckweise affine Abbildungen},
  booktitle = {10. GMM/ITG-Fachtagung Analog 2008},
  year = {2008},
  editor = {VDE/VDI-Gesellschaft},
  number = {56},
  publisher = {VDE Verlag GmbH},
  abstract = {Im Bereich sicherheitskritischer Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise im
	Automobilbereich, darf der Einfluss von Prozessschwankungen auf das
	Verhalten von integrierten analogen Schaltungen nicht vernachlässigt
	werden. Dem damit verknüpften erhöhten Verifikationsaufwand kann
	nur mit einer erhöhten Abstraktion zur Steigerung der Simulationsgeschwindigkeit
	begegnet werden. Die bei der Vereinfachung entstehenden Abweichungen
	gegenüber dem detaillierten Modell müssen zusätzlich berücksichtigt
	werden. In der Vergangenheit hat sich das Verfahren der semi-symbolischen
	Simulation auf Netzlistenebene als für diesen Zweck besonders geeignet
	herausgestellt. Darauf aufbauend beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag
	mit der Implementierung abstrakter High-Level-Modelle, die sich aus
	stückweise affinen Abbildungen zusammensetzen. Des Weiteren werden
	die zugehörigen Lösungsverfahren für die semi-symbolische Simulation
	und deren Implementierung vorgestellt.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@PHDTHESIS{Grabowski09,
  author = {Darius Grabowski},
  title = {Gebietsarithmetische Verfahren zur Simulation analoger Schaltungen
	mit Parameterunsicherheiten},
  school = {Institut f\"{u}r Mikroelektronische Systeme},
  year = {2009},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{GrabowskiGriBar06-1,
  author = {D. Grabowski and C. Grimm and E. Barke},
  title = {Ein Verfahren zur effizienten Analyse von Schaltungen mit Parametervarianzen},
  booktitle = {9. Workshop: Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zur Modellierung
	und Verifikation von Schaltungen und Systemen (MBMV)},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {181--190},
  publisher = {Fraunhofer IIS},
  note = {32767 VG-Wort pages},
  abstract = {In diesem Beitrag wird ein neues Verfahren zur Simulation nichtlinearer
	analoger Schaltungen mit Parameterschwankungen vorgestellt. Die grundlegende
	Idee dieses Verfahrens ist die semi-symbolische Simulation. Dabei
	werden Parameterschwankungen als Symbole modelliert, die mit den
	jeweiligen Abweichungen gewichtet sind. Das Verfahren erfordert den
	Einsatz spezieller Formen und Arithmetiken, die eine entsprechende
	Modellierung und Berechnung erlauben. Dieser Ansatz greift auf die
	affine Arithmetik zurück. Das Verfahren verspricht zwei Vorteile
	gegenüber den bisher eingesetzten Methoden: Laufzeitreduzierung und
	sicherer Einschluss der exakten Ergebnisse. },
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{GrabowskiGriBar06-2,
  author = {D. Grabowski and C. Grimm and E. Barke},
  title = {Semi-Symbolic Modeling and Simulation of Circuits and Systems},
  booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2006)},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {CD-ROM},
  publisher = {IEEE, Kos},
  note = {32767 VG-Wort pages},
  abstract = {Shrinking microelectronic circuits leads to increasing parameter variations.
	Verification by Monte Carlo and Worst Case analysis has a limited
	reliability or requires a very high number of simulation runs. In
	this paper we give an overview of the semi-symbolic simulation approach.
	Compared to Monte Carlo and Worst Case analysis, the semi-symbolic
	simulation needs only a single simulation run to compute all possible
	results for given stimuli and parameter variations. 
	
	For semi-symbolic simulation we model parameter variations and tolerances
	by symbols. Then, we compute the transient analysis using affine
	arithmetic. As results of transient analysis we get the system quantities
	as affine expressions. The affine expressions describe the impact
	of the parameter variations to the quantities. },
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{GrabowskiOlbBar08-3,
  author = {Darius Grabowski and Markus Olbrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {Simulation analoger Schaltungen mit affiner Arithmetik},
  booktitle = {2. GMM/GI/ITG-Fachtagung \"Zuverl\"{a}ssigkeit und Entwurf\"},
  year = {2008},
  editor = {GMM/GI/ITG},
  volume = {2. GMM/GI/ITG-Fachtagung "Zuverlässigkeit und Entwurf"},
  note = {2 VG-Wort pages},
  abstract = {The impact of parameter variations in integrated analog circuits is
	usually analyzed by Monte Carlo methods with a high number of simulation
	runs. Few approaches based on interval arithmetic were not successful
	due to tremendous overapproximations. In this paper, we describe
	an innovative approach computing transient and DC simulations of
	nonlinear analog circuits with symbolic range representations that
	keeps correlation information, and hence has a very limited overapproximation.
	The methods are based on affine and quadratic arithmetic. Ranges
	are represented by unique symbols so that linear correlation information
	is preserved. We demonstrate feasibility of the methods by simulation
	results using complex analog circuits.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{GrabowskiOlbBar08-1,
  author = {Darius Grabowski and Markus Olbrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {{AC}-Analyse analoger Schaltungen mit affiner Arithmetik},
  booktitle = {Analog 2008},
  year = {2008},
  editor = {GMM/ITG},
  volume = {Entwicklung von Analogschaltungen mit CAE-Methoden},
  pages = {63--68},
  publisher = {VDE},
  note = {6 VG-Wort pages},
  abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt einen neuen Ansatz zur Verifikation
	analoger Schaltungen. Der Fokus liegt auf der Berücksichtigung linear
	korrelierter Parameterschwankungen für die Simulation im Frequenzbereich.
	Für die Beschreibung der Parameterschwankungen werden so genannte
	affine Formen verwendet, die als Grundlage für die Lösungen mittels
	affiner Arithmetik dienen. Die affine Arithmetik berücksichtigt im
	Gegensatz zur Intervallarithmetik lineare Informationen, die durch
	die Berechnungen propagiert werden. Erstmals wird eine AC-Simulation
	mit affiner Arithmetik beschrieben. Aus den Simulationsergebnissen
	werden affine Eigenschaftsgrößen abgeleitet, die als Grundlage für
	die verlässliche Modellierung auf höheren Abstraktionsebenen dienen.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{GrabowskiOlbBar08-2,
  author = {Darius Grabowski and Markus Olbrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {Analog Circuit Simulation Using Range Arithmetics},
  booktitle = {ASP DAC 2008},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {Proceedings of the ASP-DAC 2008},
  pages = {762--767},
  note = {6 VG-Wort pages},
  abstract = {The impact of parameter variations in integrated analog circuits is
	usually analyzed by Monte Carlo methods with a high number of simulation
	runs. Few approaches based on interval arithmetic were not successful
	due to tremendous overapproximations. In this paper, we describe
	an innovative approach computing transient and DC simulations of
	nonlinear analog circuits with symbolic range representations that
	keeps correlation information, and hence has a very limited overapproximation.
	The methods are based on affine and quadratic arithmetic. Ranges
	are represented by unique symbols so that linear correlation information
	is preserved. We demonstrate feasibility of the methods by simulation
	results using complex analog circuits.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{GrabowskiOlbGri07,
  author = {Darius Grabowski and Markus Olbrich and Christoph Grimm and Erich
	Barke},
  title = {Range Arithmetics to Speed up Reachability Analysis of Analog Systems},
  booktitle = {FDL 2007},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {CD-ROM},
  abstract = {Formal methods for analog circuit analysis can efficiently support
	conventional verification by simulation. Several approaches are based
	on circuit representation by state variables. One of their most interesting
	properties is the computation of reachable states. The results of
	reachability computation establish a basis for model or property
	checking. 
	
	In this paper, we present a new approach for verification of analog
	circuits by computing reachable states. The approach is based on
	range arithmetics providing conservative approximations. We use an
	extension of the affine arithmetic to compute reachable sets in the
	state space which are represented by affine forms (convex polytopes).
	We demonstrate the efficiency by experimental results e.g. by computing
	the invariant (cyclic) set of a VCO with considerably reduced runtime
	compared to other recently published approaches.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INCOLLECTION{Heupke2006,
  author = {Heupke, Wilhelm and Grimm, Christoph and Waldschmidt, Klaus},
  title = {Modeling Uncertainty in Nonlinear Analog Systems with Affine Arithmetic},
  booktitle = {Applications of Specification and Design Languages for SoCs},
  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
  year = {2006},
  editor = {Vachoux, A.},
  pages = {155--169},
  abstract = {This paper describes a semi-symbolic method for the analysis of mixed
	signal systems. Aimed at control and signal processing applications,
	it delivers a superset of the set of all reachable values. The method
	that relies on affine arithmetic is precise for linear systems, but
	in the case of nonlinear systems, approximations are needed. As for
	each approximation a new term is added, the number of approximation
	terms increases during simulation and therefore slows down the simulation.
	This leads to a quadratic time complexity in the number of time steps.
	A method to avoid this and an example implementation based on SystemC-AMS
	together with its performance are presented.},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-4998-9_9},
  isbn = {978-1-4020-4997-2},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{HeupkeGriWal05,
  author = {W. Heupke and Ch. Grimm and K. Waldschmidt},
  title = {Semi-Symbolic Simulation of Nonlinear Systems},
  booktitle = {Forum on Specification and Design Languages (FDL'05), Lausanne, September
	2005},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {CD-ROM},
  publisher = {ECSI, Gieres},
  note = {32767 VG-Wort pages},
  abstract = {This paper describes a semi-symbolic method for the analysis of mixed
	signal systems for control and signal processing applications, based
	on affine arithmetic. Analysis with affine arithmetic is precise
	for linear systems, but in the case of nonlinear systems, approximations
	are needed. However, the affine arithmetic keeps a safe inclusion
	of all reachable values, but the number of approximation terms increases
	during simulation and slows the simulation down, giving a quadratic
	time complexity in the number of time steps. A method to avoid this
	is presented and we detail how suitable SystemC-AMS is for the implementation
	of the described approach.},
  timestamp = {2010.09.02}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kaergel2010,
  author = {Michael Kaergel and Florian Schupfer and Christoph Grimm and Markus
	Olbrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {Towards abstract analysis techniques for range based system simulations},
  booktitle = {Specification Design Languages (FDL 2010), 2010 Forum on},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {1-6},
  abstract = {In recent times, range based modeling and simulation techniques have
	emerged for systems with parameter tolerances and deviations. They
	are used to perform a semi-symbolic simulation and to analyze the
	examined systems for their time domain behavior. The system quantities
	in such simulations are represented as range based signals using
	the concept of Affine Arithmetic. Transforming the range based signals
	from a time domain to a frequency domain representation significantly
	increases the analysis capabilities and provides a broader insight
	into the system's behavior. Such a transformation enriches the expressiveness
	of semi-symbolic system quantities and simultaneously allows frequency
	based analysis techniques to be applicable. We use the Discrete Fourier
	Transform to compute a range based frequency representation and finally
	discuss the method and interpretation of the frequency spectrum on
	two examples.},
  doi = {10.1049/ic.2010.0146}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Krause2012,
  author = {Anna Krause and Markus Olbrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {Enclosing the modeling error in analog behavioral models using neural
	networks and affine arithmetic},
  booktitle = {2012 International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and
	Simulation Methods and Applications to Circuit Design (SMACD)},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {5--8},
  abstract = {One all-time challenge in behavioral modeling is to minimize the modeling
	error while still profiting from a simplified representation of an
	analog circuit. In many cases the modeling error is known, but up
	to now it was only an indicator for the quality of the model. Its
	influence on errors during simulation could not be evaluated. We
	present a flow for the generation of behavioral models based on neural
	networks which uses affine arithmetic to guarantee enclosing the
	modeling error. We also demonstrate that the approach can also be
	applied to modeling the effects of parameter deviations.},
  doi = {10.1109/SMACD.2012.6339403},
  keywords = {analogue circuits;electronic engineering computing;neural nets;affine
	arithmetic;analog behavioral model;analog circuit;behavioral modeling;modeling
	error;neural networks;Analytical models;Data models;Integrated circuit
	modeling;Mathematical model;Neural networks;Neurons;Transfer functions}
}

@CONFERENCE{Scharf2013,
  author = {Oliver Scharf and Markus Olbrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {Lösungsverfahren für nichtlineare implizite Gleichungssysteme unter
	Verwendung von Affiner Arithmetik und Gebietsaufteilungen},
  booktitle = {GMM Fachbericht Analog 2013},
  year = {2013},
  abstract = {Durch die steigende Integrationsdichte wird der Einfluss von Parametervariationen
	auf das Schaltungsverhalten immer größer. Eine Möglichkeit zur Modellierung
	und Simulation solcher Schwankungen ist die Verwendung der affinen
	Arithmetik. Sie garantiert den Einschluss der Schaltungseigenschaften
	unter allen möglichen Kombinationen der Parameter. Zur Lösung der
	Schaltungsgleichungen mit affiner Arithmetik ist ein impliziter Lösungsalgorithmus
	erforderlich. Der bisher verwendete Ansatz zeigt für größere Parameterabweichungen
	Konvergenzprobleme. Es wird ein erweitertes Verfahren vorgestellt,
	das die Parametergebiete aufteilt, wenn dies erforderlich ist. Die
	Auswirkung der Aufteilung auf die Laufzeit, die Überabschätzung und
	das Konvergenzverhalten werden untersucht. Außerdem werden Kriterien
	vorgestellt, an Hand derer die Aufteilungen automatisiert vorgenommen
	werden können.},
  timestamp = {2013.07.01}
}

@CONFERENCE{Scharf2011,
  author = {Oliver Scharf and Markus Olbrich and Erich Barke},
  title = {Anwendung der affinen Arithmetik auf das BSIMSOI-Modell zur Simulation
	von Parameterschwankungen},
  booktitle = {GMM Fachbericht Analog 2011},
  year = {2011},
  timestamp = {2013.07.01}
}

@comment{jabref-meta: selector_publisher:}

@comment{jabref-meta: selector_author:}

@comment{jabref-meta: selector_journal:}

@comment{jabref-meta: selector_keywords:}